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Objectives: Sleep is vital for maintaining the health and wellbeing of people of all ages. However, for adolescents, sufficient sleep of adequate duration and quality is critical for profound mental, …

Objectives: Sleep is vital for maintaining the health and wellbeing of people of all ages. However, for adolescents, sufficient sleep of adequate duration and quality is critical for profound mental, physical, social, and emotional development. This study aimed to describe trends in sleep duration and late bedtime during school and non-school days in representative cohorts of 11-, 13-, and 15-year-old adolescents from Czechia from 2014 to 2022, and to examine the current associations between late bedtimes/social jet lag and wellbeing indicators among adolescents in 2022. Methods: The analysed sample of 42,101 adolescents aged 10.5-16.5 years was drawn from three nationally representative cohorts of Czech schoolchildren from the last three cycles of the Health Behaviour in School-aged Children study, conducted between 2014 and 2022. Results: Mean sleep duration (hours:minutes) on school and non-school days significantly (p < 0.05) decreased for both boys (schooldays: 8:192014→7:592022; non-school days: 9:362018→9:232022) and girls (schooldays: 8:202014→7:552022; non-school days: 9:582018→9:412022) between 2014/2018 and 2022, while the prevalence of insufficient sleep significantly (p < 0.001) increased over the same period (boys schooldays: 35.4%2014→49.2%2022, boys non-school days: 14.9%2018→18.0%2022; girls schooldays: 35.1%2014→51.7%2022, girls non-school days: 9.8%2018→13.3%2022). Adolescents with late bedtimes or social jet lag (> 2 hours) had significantly higher odds (p < 0.001) of skipping breakfast daily, drinking energy drinks daily, being drunk at least twice in their lifetime, experiencing reduced psychological wellbeing and low life satisfaction, reporting irritability, and problematic social media use and internet gaming than those with earlier bedtimes or without social jet lag. Conclusions: It is highly desirable that families, in close cooperation with schools and professional representatives, make efforts to ensure adherence to the recommended length and quality of sleep, as the trend results indicate worsening sleep patterns, deepening social jet lag, and a disturbing increase in adolescent risk behaviours and health complaints related to insufficient sleep.

Objectives: Planetary-health literacy (PHL), the knowledge, motivation and social support required to safeguard both human and environmental health, may help adolescents cope with climate-related dist…

Objectives: Planetary-health literacy (PHL), the knowledge, motivation and social support required to safeguard both human and environmental health, may help adolescents cope with climate-related distress and adopt sustainable behaviours. Evidence on the linkage between PHL and mental health from Central and Eastern Europe is lacking. The aim of the study was to describe PHL in Czech adolescents by sex, grade and family affluence, examine its association with mental-health indicators, and explore links with selected environment-relevant behaviours. Methods: Cross-sectional data were drawn from the nationally representative Health Behaviour in School-aged Children (HBSC) 2022 survey (n = 4,195, 50.8% boys, ages 13 and 15 years). PHL was measured with an 11-item HBSC optional package yielding three sub-scales (knowledge, action, perceived pro-environmental social norms). Outcomes were wellbeing (WHO-5), life satisfaction (Cantril’s ladder), and psychological complaints (HBSC symptom checklist). Fruit and vegetable intake plus cigarette and e-cigarette use served as behavioural correlates. Results: Girls scored higher than boys on all PHL domains (Cohen d = 0.10–0.19). Thirteen-year-olds reported more action and stronger social norms than fifteen-year-olds (p < 0.001); socioeconomic gradients were small. In fully adjusted models, social norms were positively associated with wellbeing (β = 1.42, 95% CI: 1.12–1.72) and life satisfaction (β = 0.10, 0.08–0.13), and inversely with psychological complaints (β = −0.27, −0.33 to −0.21). Knowledge showed weak adverse relations with wellbeing and complaints, whereas action was associated with wellbeing only. Higher PHL related to daily fruit and vegetable consumption and inversely to intensive e-cigarette use; effect sizes were modest. Conclusions: Perceived pro-environmental social norms appear most tightly related to adolescent mental health, while overall PHL is slightly associated with sustainable dietary patterns and lower use of e-cigarettes. School curricula that combine climate education with collaborative, action-oriented projects may therefore deliver co-benefits for planetary and psychological health in Central and Eastern Europe.

Objectives: Previous studies have identified four distinct patterns of adolescent social media use (SMU): (1) Non-active users abstain from social media or engage in online interactions only once a we…

Objectives: Previous studies have identified four distinct patterns of adolescent social media use (SMU): (1) Non-active users abstain from social media or engage in online interactions only once a week or less; (2) Active users connect with others online daily without any functional impairments related to their SMU; (3) Intense users frequently engage with others online but do not meet criteria for problematic use; (4) Problematic users report six or more addiction-like symptoms. The following study aimed to assess the prevalence of these SMU patterns among Czech adolescents; examine changes between 2018 (pre-COVID-19) and 2022; and explore age and gender differences to identify at-risk subgroups. Methods: Data were drawn from the Health Behaviour in School-aged Children (HBSC) study among 11-, 13-, and 15-year-olds. The study analysed Czech data from the 2017/18 and 2021/22 waves (n = 26,450). Results: Findings revealed marked changes in SMU patterns between 2018 and 2022 among Czech adolescents. Girls and older adolescents reported higher rates of problematic SMU, which increased steadily with age. The share of non-active users declined, most notably among 11-year-olds. Conclusions: The marked increase in both intense and problematic SMU among Czech adolescents highlights a growing public health concern. Given the established associations between problematic SMU and poorer mental health outcomes, these findings call for the integration of digital behaviour monitoring and education into school-based mental health and prevention programs. Particular attention should be given to early adolescence and to gender-specific vulnerabilities.

Objectives: Excess body weight and weight misperception in adolescents are associated with various physical and mental health risks. This study analysed trends in overweight, obesity, body image, and …

Objectives: Excess body weight and weight misperception in adolescents are associated with various physical and mental health risks. This study analysed trends in overweight, obesity, body image, and body weight perception among Czech adolescents between 2002 and 2022, considering gender, age and socioeconomic status (SES). Methods: Data were retrieved from the questionnaire of the Health Behaviour in School-aged Children (HBSC) study conducted in 2002, 2006, 2010, 2014, 2018 and 2022 (n=52,363; 49.9% girls). The Difference test between two proportions was used to assess time trends in weight status (WS), body image, and body weight perception across gender and SES groups. Logistic regression analysis was performed to examine the likelihood of being overweight/obese, and underestimating or overestimating WS. Results: Between 2002 and 2022, overweight and obesity increased significantly, while non-overweight rates declined across both genders and SES groups, with a greater rise among boys and adolescents from low SES backgrounds. In 2022, more adolescents, regardless the gender and SES, perceived their body as “too thin” compared to 2002. Over the 20-year period, underestimation of WS increased while overestimation decreased among both girls and boys and across all SES groups. Accurate perception of WS rose among girls but worsened among boys. Girls were less likely than boys to be overweight/obese or to underestimate their WS but had higher odds of overestimating it. Conclusions: The significant rise in overweight and obesity, especially in boys and adolescents from low SES backgrounds, during the last 20 years points out to socio-economic disparities and should be taken into account when creating new policies. An improvement in correct perception of WS among girls and a decline in overestimating WS across both genders and SES groups, could help reduce the risks of developing mental health problems or eating disorders, whereas underestimating WS may lead to weight-related issues.

Objectives: Active school transport (AST), such as walking or cycling to and from school, represents an important source of daily physical activity for adolescents. In recent decades, however, many hi…

Objectives: Active school transport (AST), such as walking or cycling to and from school, represents an important source of daily physical activity for adolescents. In recent decades, however, many high-income countries have reported a steady decline in AST. The main objective of this study was to describe long-term trends in active travel to and from school among Czech adolescents aged 11, 13, and 15 years, using nationally representative data collected in five waves of the Health Behaviour in School-aged Children (HBSC) study between 2006 and 2022. A secondary aim was to explore selected individual and socioeconomic factors associated with AST participation. Methods: The analysis is based on a total sample of 50,713 adolescents (boys: n=25,628; girls: n=25,085) aged 10.5–16.5 years, with valid self-reported data on travel modes to and from school. AST was defined as walking or cycling as the primary mode of transport. The prevalence of AST was analyzed over time by gender and age category. Binary logistic regression was used to assess the associations between AST and survey year, gender, age group, socioeconomic status (Family Affluence Scale), and commuting time to school. Results: Between 2006 and 2022, the prevalence of AST to school declined from 71.6% to 54.9% among boys and from 71.8% to 54.8% among girls. A similar trend was observed for AST from school, although participation remained consistently higher than in the morning. The strongest negative predictors of AST were longer commuting time and higher socioeconomic status. Girls had slightly lower odds of AST than boys, and older adolescents were more likely to engage in AST.

Background: In this study, we investigated the association between COVID-19 vaccination status and all-cause mortality (ACM) rate in the population of the Czech Republic between January 2020 and …

Background: In this study, we investigated the association between COVID-19 vaccination status and all-cause mortality (ACM) rate in the population of the Czech Republic between January 2020 and December 2022. Methods: In this retrospective study based on official population-wide individual (record-level) data, we analyzed monthly ACM rates stratified by COVID-19 vaccination status, sex, and age. The ACM was compared to expected mortality based on pre-COVID data. The recipients of the Janssen vaccine were excluded from the study. The final dataset comprised N = 5,636,949 individuals from the Czech Republic, encompassing all residents born between 1925 and 1980 who were alive on January 1, 2020. Results: Multiple peculiar patterns in ACM were revealed. The ACM of vaccinated individuals across several age cohorts was greatly diminished compared to the ACM of the unvaccinated, even in periods when virtually no COVID-19-related deaths were observed, suggesting a strong selection/indication bias. A similar drop in the ACM of newly vaccinated individuals was observed again during the booster campaign. With time from vaccination, the differences in ACM between groups with different vaccination statuses dwindled. Indication bias was observed at the beginning of the vaccination campaign when the frailest individuals were preferentially vaccinated. Conclusions: The population-wide data strongly suggest the presence of selection/indication bias, warranting careful interpretation of vaccination effectiveness estimates derived from observational studies. Keywords: All-cause mortality; COVID-19; Healthy user bias; Healthy vaccinee effect; Individual-level data; Vaccination status; Vaccine effectiveness.

Objectives: The aim of this study was to examine the association between oral health and health literacy, gender, age, family affluence and country of origin amongst adolescents from Slovakia and Pola…

Objectives: The aim of this study was to examine the association between oral health and health literacy, gender, age, family affluence and country of origin amongst adolescents from Slovakia and Poland, using data from the Health Behaviour in School-aged Children study. Methods: We analysed data from the cross-sectional Health Behaviour in School-aged Children study conducted in 2022 on a representative sample of 6,289 Slovak and Polish 13- and 15-year old adolescents (mean age 14.48; SD = 1.01; 50.5% boys). Data was collected through self-administered online questionnaires completed by respondents in schools during classes. Binomial logistic regression models were used to assess associations between oral health and health literacy, gender, age, family affluence and country of origin amongst adolescents from Slovakia and Poland. Results: The results indicate that boys (odds ratio/95% confidence interval OR/95% CI 0.431/0.381–0.489) are substantially less likely to engage in regular toothbrushing compared to girls, highlighting a persistent gender disparity in oral hygiene behaviour. Additionally, lower socioeconomic status, as measured by family affluence, is associated with a decreased likelihood of frequent toothbrushing (OR/95% CI 0.486/0.399–0.592 for low family affluence; OR/95% CI 0.761/0.647–0.895 for medium family affluence). Similarly, health literacy emerges as a key determinant, with adolescents exhibiting lower health literacy levels demonstrating significantly reduced engagement in regular toothbrushing (OR/95% CI 0.475/0.384–0.587 for low health literacy; OR/95% CI 0.666/0.550–0.808 for medium health literacy). Conclusion: This study highlights the significant impact of gender, family affluence and health literacy on toothbrushing frequency amongst adolescents in Poland and Slovakia. The findings underscore the need for targeted oral health promotion strategies that consider gender differences, socioeconomic inequalities and the importance of health literacy in improving oral hygiene practises amongst adolescents.

The code used to generate the results in the paper "A Refined Approach to Interactive Division of Fuzzy Numbers under Complete Correlation"  is publicly available and can be accessed at [htt…

The code used to generate the results in the paper "A Refined Approach to Interactive Division of Fuzzy Numbers under Complete Correlation"  is publicly available and can be accessed at [https://github.com/ZahraAlijani/interactivity]. This includes all scripts and relevant documentation necessary to reproduce the experiments described in themanuscript. Any additional data or materials can be made available upon reasonable request to the corresponding author.

Virtual neural networks: hundreds of souls in a body This repository presents relevant source code for the paper Virtual neural networks: hundreds of souls in a body. This paper introduces a novel par…

Virtual neural networks: hundreds of souls in a body This repository presents relevant source code for the paper Virtual neural networks: hundreds of souls in a body. This paper introduces a novel paradigm called virtual neural networks, where the concept of an ensemble approach involving many 'virtual' models that share weights determined by a few 'physical' models. The ensemble consists of up to hundreds of virtual models that are trained concurrently. Moreover, all virtual networks share the same input, and their complex structure creates a form of inner augmentation that enhances the robustness of the entire ensemble. A more detailed explanation is available in the paper Virtual neural networks: hundreds of souls in a body (full reference to the article will be provided after the publication). The implementation converts virtual models for the EfficientNet architecture. The implementation is realized in Python 3.8 using IPython notebooks.

This dataset contains information on students attending a psychology program. There are two tracks, one national and one international. The data also contains social network data, representing their r…

This dataset contains information on students attending a psychology program. There are two tracks, one national and one international. The data also contains social network data, representing their relationships. Students were subjected to a network experiment described in the article. The data belong to the following publications:Long, F., Scheepers, D., Zingora, T., & Pliskin, R. (2025). The network dynamics of antiprejudice norms: A field experiment testing antiprejudice interventions in real groups. Political Psychology, 00, 1–26. https://doi.org/10.1111/pops.70029